Korolev Sergey Pavlovich - history cosmos Russia - Part three

Korolev Sergey Pavlovich - history cosmos Russia

The R-2 rocket had a fuel carrier, a more convenient layout and, most importantly, a detachable warhead. In addition, the rocket propulsion system was substantially modified in order to increase its thrust, and the autonomous control system had twice the accuracy of firing. The R-2 missile was put into service in 1951, that is, only one year later than the R-1 missile.

Together with practical work on missile weapons at NII-88, under the scientific guidance of Korolev, large-scale project-and-research studies on H-I, H-2 and H-3 themes were launched with the goal of creating a scientific and technical reserve for developing qualitatively new missiles.

On the topic of H-1, experimental and theoretical studies of the main technical problems associated with the implementation of the P-3 missile project with a range of 3000 kilometers were performed: it was necessary to ensure the stability of the missile flight of an unstabilized (aerodynamically unstable) scheme and obtain data on the behavior of boiling liquid oxygen in Thermally insulated carrier of the oxidizer during the movement in the active section of the trajectory with increased external heat flows to the mass of liquid oxygen. On the basis of the constructive solution of the R-2 missile with the use of its forced engine, a single-stage experimental BR P-ZA was developed for an unstabilized circuit with a range of 1200 kilometers. Successful flight tests of this rocket gave the Ministry of Defense a chance to adopt it in 1956 with a nuclear warhead as R-5M. This was the first domestic strategic missile, which became the basis of the country's nuclear missile shield.

Interesting facts about the first flight of a woman into space. Russia Cosmos

11 interesting facts about the first flight of a woman into space
June 16, 1963 Valentina Tereshkova went on a space flight, becoming the world's first female cosmonaut. We have prepared a selection of the most interesting facts about that flight and the preparations for it.

1. The world's first cosmonaut-woman was chosen from among parachutists.

After the first successful flights to the space of Yuri Gagarin and Herman Titov, Sergei Korolev decided to send a woman into space. It was a politically motivated move. I wanted to be the first in this. Search contenders began at the very end of 1961. The requirements were: parachutist, age under 30, height up to 170 centimeters and weight up to 70 kilograms. Paratroopers preferred, because the astronaut of the "East" had to be ejected after the descent vehicle was braked in the atmosphere and landed on a parachute, and the training period was initially determined to be compressed - about six months. I did not want to spend much time on the parachute landing. Of the more than fifty candidates, five girls were eventually selected. Valentina Tereshkova also joined them. All of them, except pilots Valentina Ponomareva, were parachutists. Valentina Tereshkova parachuting since 1959 in the Yaroslavl Aeroclub: by the time of the search for candidates for space flight, a total of about 90 jumps.

Korolev Sergey Pavlovich - history cosmos Russia Part two

In October 1930, at the All-Union Glider Voyage, Korolyov made a new glider SK-3, which he called the "Red Star". The load per square meter was higher than that of Koktebel, 22.5 kilograms. The airframe data was so unusual that it was questioned whether it was possible to float in the air. However, it was for him, for the first time in the history of aviation, test pilot VAStepanchenok - an experienced pilot-glider in free flight made the famous loop of Nesterov. Korolev was not present at the competitions, as he contracted typhus. As a result of the complication, he had severe headaches, an operation for trepanation of the skull was required. It was successful, but it remained a serious test for Sergei. After the illness the body of the Queen was so weakened that he had to leave his job for several months. But hardly became easier, Sergey with enthusiasm began to read Tsiolkovsky's work "Jet airplane".

Korolev Sergey Pavlovich - history cosmos Russia Part one

"What seemed unrealizable for centuries, which yesterday was only a bold dream, today becomes a real challenge, and tomorrow - an accomplishment!" S.P.Korolev


Sergey Korolev was born on January 12, 1907 in Ukraine, in Zhytomyr in the family of a teacher of literature.

His father Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev graduated with honors from the Nezhinsky Historical and Philological Institute and received the title of teacher of the gymnasium. However, the joint life with his mother Sergei - Maria Nikolaevna Moskalenko, he did not work out. Soon, after moving to Kiev, my parents divorced, and Sergei Korolev was brought up in the family of his mother's parents in Nizhyn. Grandfather and grandmother were very fond of their grandson, they did not like the soul in him.

RUSSIA FROM LIKE LIGHTS TO ROCKET TECHNOLOGY part 2

Young cosmonauts

Among the subjects of study, let the fundamentals of astronomy be given, but put it as a threshold to distant worlds. So the schools will bury the first thoughts about life in distant worlds. Space will come alive, astrochemistry and rays will fill the notion of the greatness of the universe. Young hearts will not feel themselves as ants on the earth's crust, but bearers of the spirit and responsible for the planet. (D.110)

After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, many young dreamers, staring into the starry sky, mentally rushed into space. In the early 60's in our country there were numerous clubs of young cosmonauts. And the very first in the world "Young Cosmonauts Club" them. Yu.A. Gagarin (CJC) was organized in Leningrad in the summer of 1961.

RUSSIA FROM LIKE LIGHTS TO ROCKET TECHNOLOGY

We encourage scientific experiments. When you are asked - how to relate to the experience with a rocket on the moon? Answer - with respect. Of course, we know that the testers will not get what they expect, but still useful observations will be made. <...> We do not interfere with even the most difficult experiments. <...> Let at least a cannon shoot at distant worlds, if only thought was directed to such problems. It is not wise to stop the flow of thinking. <...> One should treat with respect such attempts. (H.234)

Initially, rockets in Russia were used as "amusing lights".

But already in 1516 the Cossacks used missiles in the military business. And in 1817, the outstanding Russian scientist, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 AD Zasyadko produced and demonstrated rockets, the range of which reached 1,670 m. In the second half of the 19th century, In Russia, more than 20 projects of jet aircraft were proposed.

Tsiolkovsky taught Russia to dream of cosmose

It can be said with certainty that largely thanks to ideas and the very figure of this founder of modern cosmonautics, Russia was the first in history to soar into outer space exactly half a century ago

An outstanding thinker, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was the first modern scientist who spoke seriously about flying into space and began to make scientific calculations on this subject. And despite the fact that his works did not contain certain final concepts that could be relied on fundamentally, taking them as the starting point of modern research, they instilled in people the hope that this is the main meaning of modern scientific and technological achievements.