Young cosmonauts
Among the subjects of study, let the fundamentals of astronomy be given, but put it as a threshold to distant worlds. So the schools will bury the first thoughts about life in distant worlds. Space will come alive, astrochemistry and rays will fill the notion of the greatness of the universe. Young hearts will not feel themselves as ants on the earth's crust, but bearers of the spirit and responsible for the planet. (D.110)
After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, many young dreamers, staring into the starry sky, mentally rushed into space. In the early 60's in our country there were numerous clubs of young cosmonauts. And the very first in the world "Young Cosmonauts Club" them. Yu.A. Gagarin (CJC) was organized in Leningrad in the summer of 1961.
The idea of creating the club belonged to the director of the Leningrad City Children's Park Ada Aleksandrovna Kartavchenko. Thanks to Ada Alexandrovna, a high, I would say, level of training of young cosmonauts was achieved. One of the club's leaders for several years was Sergei Pavlovich Kuzin. But the supreme governing body was the Club Council headed by the Chairman. Both the Council and the President were elected by the children themselves and enjoyed great prestige.
I was lucky enough to study at this club. I remember the enthusiasm and serious, responsible attitude of the guys to the classes. For us it was not a game, but a difficult and exciting work. We studied at the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, where a special course of astronomy was organized with the study of celestial mechanics, the theory of motion of rockets and artificial satellites.
With great interest, we attended lectures on astronomy in the planetarium, drew a map of the starry sky, solved astronomical problems, observed the telescope behind the stars and the moon. At the university, mathematics classes were taught in higher mathematics. And in the BMA training was conducted for the resistance of the body to overloads (ejection, pressure chamber, sound chamber, centrifuge, etc.). Many tests were conducted under the guidance of Bondarev Eduard Vasilyevich, who at that time was engaged in research on the influence of various factors Young astronauts after the jump with a parachute (Overload, pressure, silence, various medications, etc.) on the human body and its psyche.
At the DOSAAF club, we studied the material part of aircraft and engines, radio equipment, learned to fly and jump from a 50-meter tower and from an airplane. But, perhaps, the most favorite were the classes in WOW GWF, where on various simulators the vestibular apparatus was checked and trained. Supervised sessions Sagittarius Vladimir Grigorievich, at that time a candidate of biological sciences, developing the theory of professionally-applied physical training pilots.
Much attention was paid to sports. For the rest of my life, tourist, ski and boat trips were remembered, in which, as a rule, complicated conditions were created that required courage, patience, endurance and survival skills.
And after a difficult transition - songs by the fire about the cosmos and stars, dreams and friendship. We remembered the words from our song: "... And singing about the stars of distant and mysterious seven girls at the campfire ...". (The words of I. Boraminskaya) Young cosmonauts met Yuri Gagarin and G. Titov. But most of all impressions left a trip to Star City in 1964. There he met with G. Titov, A. Nikolaev and V. Bykovsky. The astronauts talked with the guys for about two hours. At the same time, a documentary about our club "And then to Mars" was filmed. The Star City. Interview with Germanom Titovym At the end of the club, the graduates were awarded the title of instructor-cosmonaut for the organization of the CYC and gave a recommendation for admission to universities. The Chief Marshal of Aviation AA Novikov handed the certificate of completion of training to the CCC.
Despite the fact that none of us became an astronaut, classes in the club left an indelible mark in our lives and, one way or another, influenced the choice of life's path. Among the club's graduates there are astronomers, pilots, doctors, candidates and doctors of science, engineers, professors, teachers. Andrey Tolubeev became People's Artist of Russia. And Irina Boraminskaya is a famous choreographer; Alexander Gaydov - chief neurosurgeon of Sevastopol; Leo Monosov - Cand. geographer. Sciences, Honorary Builder of Russia; Vitaly Bogdanov - Professor, Cand. Psychol. Sciences; Oleg Viro - professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. Sciences, one of the world's leading mathematicians; Herman Berson for his services to the state and a great personal contribution to the development of science was awarded the Medal of the Order "For Service to the Fatherland", II degree; Mikhail Gorny - Cand. Fiz.-mat. Sciences, a lawyer, an associate professor of the Department of Applied Political Science at the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg, was a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, an advisor to the Governor of St. Petersburg ...
April 12th day has become our holiday forever. On this day, wherever we are, we try to postpone our affairs and come to our meeting.
THROUGH 50 YEARS
The eyes and expectations of mankind must be turned to distant worlds. (O 3-V-4)
It's been 50 years since the first human flight into space. Since then, astronautics has passed a gigantic path, unprecedented discoveries have been made. International space stations were launched. The number of astronauts exceeded half a thousand. The manned cosmonautics entered a record-long flight of an astronaut in orbit (Valery Polyakov) - 438 days. And the record holder for the duration of his stay in space was cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov, who made 6 flights with a stay in space 803 days. There is a space tourism. Every day the sphere of space applications is expanding: weather service, navigation, rescue of people and rescue of forests, world television, comprehensive communication, the most advanced technologies.
Many changes have occurred in our country since that memorable day. In the 90's, space programs were suspended, in distress, up to complete extinction, were many areas of Soviet science. All those who are not indifferent to the fate of Russia are concerned about the current company's distortion of history. The policy of slanderers against the Soviet Union is aimed at convincing young people that the USSR has always lagged behind or only repeated other people's achievements. Back in the 60's, Western scientists began to promote space exploration projects, appropriating the authorship of Tsiolkovsky's ideas (Dyson's Sphere, O'Neill Space Settlements and much more). In the West, the heritage of the great scientist and philosopher is almost crossed out of history and practically unknown even to specialists. Many Americans have almost forgotten about Gagarin.
Surprise and indignant and other facts of neglecting the history of Russian cosmonautics. So, the manikin "Ivan Ivanovich" since 1994, mysteriously "lawfully" moved to America and is exhibited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Art and Space. And it looks like a mockery auction, timed to the 50th anniversary of the first manned space flight, which will be put up for auction spacecraft Vostok 3KA-2. This device flew into space with a dummy nicknamed "Ivan Ivanovich" and a dog with an asterisk on board. When landing, the dummy was ejected, and the dog safely returned to Earth in the ship itself. The first time it was sold in the early nineties. And up to this point he was in a private collection in the US. As a consolation, one can only hope that thanks to this the American people will at least learn something about Russia's contribution to the exploration of outer space.
In fact, there is no question of any lagging behind the USSR from the West in the field of space technologies. If we take into account that our orbital systems and means of delivery turned out to be much better than American ones, then we can speak about the backwardness of the West from the USSR.
By the 1990s, the Soviet Union was the leader in the absolute majority (43 out of 50!) Of the main scientific and technical areas. As many independent experts believe, with the preservation of the USSR, the list of areas in science and technology, by which we are lagging behind the West, would have been reduced to zero by the mid-90s. And our space industry played a significant role in this. The destruction of the Soviet space program has left unfulfilled many projects - both purely scientific and industrial. Currently, Russian spacecraft launch vehicles are the most reliable in the world. Americans fly to the ISS on Russian ships, Europeans and representatives of other countries use Russian launch vehicles to launch their satellites. But practically all Russian rocket and space technology came back from Soviet times.
To remedy the situation in Russia, the Concept for the Development of Russian Cosmonautics was developed until 2040 and the implementation of its programs began.
The development of the modular rocket "Angara", which began in 1992, continues. At the Baikonur Cosmodrome, together with Kazakhstani partners, work is underway on the project to create a completely new, environmentally-friendly "space" missile complex, Baiterek, and the construction of a launching complex for this missile has already begun. The first launch of the Angara from the new spaceport is planned for 2014. And from the Russian cosmodrome Plesetsk its launch will take place two years earlier. There are plans to create a spaceport "Vostochny" in the Amur region.
In conclusion, I want to quote the words of Helena Roerich: "... science is making such giant steps forward that soon the next step will be realized, namely, the stage of cooperation with the Cosmos, and then the cosmic consciousness will cease to frighten even the most unlearned, but become a normal phenomenon, and no A person who has realized his place in the Cosmos will not be able to stay in his nest. Then there will come a spiritual unification. " [9]
ATTACHMENT:
Historical Flight Chronicle [10]
3:00 - The final testing of the spacecraft began at the launch pad. Sergey Pavlovich Korolev was present
5:30 - Rise and breakfast of Yuri Gagarin and his understudy German Titov
6:00 - The meeting of the State Commission began. After the meeting, the flight assignment to Cosmonaut-1 was finally signed. A few minutes later a special blue bus was already driving to the launch pad.
6:50 - After the report on readiness for the chairman of the State Commission, Yuri made a statement for the press and radio. This statement fit on several tens of meters of tape. After five hours it became a sensation. Being on the iron platform in front of the entrance to the cockpit, Gagarin saluted with both hands - farewell to those who remained on Earth. Then he disappeared in the cab.
7:10 - Gagarin's voice appeared on the air.
8:10 - A 50-minute readiness is declared. The only malfunction was fixed. It was discovered when the hatch number 1 was closed. It was quickly opened and all corrected.
8:30 - 30-minute availability. Titov was informed that he could take off his spacesuit and go to the observation point, where all the specialists had already gathered. The surname of the person who will leave the planet first, is now known definitively - GAGARIN.
8:50 - Ten-minute readiness announced. Check all major systems and seal.
9:06 - Minute readiness. Gagarin took the starting position.
9:07 - The ignition is on. The launch of the Vostok spacecraft, the famous "Let's go!"
9:09 - Department of the first stage. Gagarin should hear how this step separated, and feel that the vibration has sharply decreased. Acceleration increases, as does overload. At the observation post, Gagarin's report is awaited.
9:11 - Gagarin's release for communication, resetting the head fairing.
9:22 - Radio signals of the Soviet spacecraft were recorded by observers from the American radar station Shamia, located on the Aleutian Islands. Five minutes later, the cipher went to the Pentagon. The night on duty, having accepted it, immediately called home to Dr. Jerome Wisner, the Chief Scientific Advisor to President Kennedy. Sour Dr. Wisner glanced at his watch. It was 1 hour 30 minutes for Washington time. Since the start of "East" 23 minutes have passed. A report was due to the president - the Russians outstripped the Americans.
9:57 - Yuri Gagarin reported that he was flying over America. The official announcement of the launching of a man into space, the signing of the order on awarding Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin the rank of major.
10:13 - Teletypes have completed the transmission of the first TASS report. Hundreds of correspondents of small and large countries stormed the building of the Telegraph Agency. Yuri Gagarin became close to all peoples of the world. But most of all worried and worried about him, of course, the Motherland.
10:25 - Brake propulsion unit is on, and the ship went on the descent. Landing is the most important stage of space flight: the error per meter per second at a speed of 8000 meters per second deviates the landing point by as much as 50 kilometers.
10:35 - Branch of the instrument compartment. Continuation of descent.
10:46 - Entry into the dense layers of the atmosphere, loss of communication.
10:55 - A charred iron ball hit the plowed soil - the field of the collective farm "Lenin's Way", south-west of the city of Engels, near the village of Smelovka. Yuri Gagarin sank near the parachute.
NOTES
1. Yu.N. Nikitin. Think and answer. Smolensk. 1999, p. 139, 278.
2. http://www.infuture.ru/article/506
3. http://progagarina.narod.ru/polet/polet.htm
4. http://vpro24.narod.ru/mix/p12/index.htm
5. Afanasiev I.B. World manned astronautics. History. Equipment. People. Moscow. The publishing house: RTSoft. 2005
6. http://www.peoples.ru/military/cosmos/gagarin/history4.html
7. http://yurigagarin.ru/
8. V. Rossoshansky. The phenomenon of Gagarin. Saratov. Izd .: Chronicle: Publishing Center of the Saratov State Social and Economic University. 2001
9. Roerich E.I. Letters. 1929-1938, vol.2. 17.01.36
10. http://www.gagarinlib.ru/gagarin/flight.php
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